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Ship Stability & Metacentric Height (GM)

Demystifying transverse stability, the righting lever (GZ), and why stiff ships snap while tender ships linger.

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Ship Construction & Naval Architecture

Fundamental principles of ship design, equilibrium, static and dynamic stability, stresses, and structural integrity.

All topics

  1. Ship Stability & Metacentric Height (GM) 7 min read
  2. Free Surface Effect (FSE) & Angle of Loll 8 min read
  3. Bulbous Bow & Wave Cancellation Physics 6 min read
  4. Dynamic Hull Stresses: Panting & Pounding 7 min read
  5. Ship Keels & Bilge Keel Construction 7 min read
  6. Watertight Bulkheads & The Collision Bulkhead 7 min read
  7. Hatch Covers, Coamings & Weathertight Sealing 8 min read
  8. Double Bottom Construction & Deep Tanks 8 min read
  9. Watertight Doors: Types, Mechanics & SOLAS Regulations 8 min read
  10. Rudder Construction & The Rudder Carrier Bearing 8 min read
  11. Shaft Tunnel Construction & Line Shaft Bearings 8 min read
  12. Methods of Reducing Rolling: Fin, Bilge & Tank Stabilisers 8 min read
  13. Torsion Box, Racking & Hull Twisting 8 min read
  14. Standard Fire Test & Class A / B / C Divisions (Thermal Bulkheads) 8 min read
  15. Anti-Heeling System: Operation, Types & Safety 7 min read
  16. Enclosed Space Entry: Safe Procedure & Permit to Work 8 min read
  17. Bilge Holding Tank Cleaning & Safe Entry 7 min read
  18. Propeller Fitting: Procedure & Securing to the Shaft 8 min read
  19. Types of Crude Oil: Sweet vs. Sour Crude 6 min read
  20. Sounding Pipe Regulations & Safety Features 6 min read
  21. International Shore, Bilge & Sewage Coupling Dimensions 6 min read
  22. Ship Dimensions & Basic Naval Architecture Definitions 10 min read
  23. Chain Locker, Bitter End & Anchor Cable Arrangement 7 min read
  24. Cruiser & Transom Sterns, Cant Frames & Frame Spacing 7 min read
  25. Bow Thrusters: Construction, Drive Types & Operation 6 min read
  26. The Propeller Shaft: Bearings, Couplings & Propeller Drop 7 min read

Safety

Maritime safety and pollution-prevention conventions — SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL — covering certificates, records, emergency procedures and Port State Control readiness.

MARPOL

  1. MARPOL 73/78: The Convention & Its Six Annexes 9 min read
  2. MARPOL Annex I — Prevention of Pollution by Oil 10 min read
  3. MARPOL Annex II — Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk 10 min read
  4. MARPOL Annex III — Harmful Substances in Packaged Form 10 min read
  5. MARPOL Annex IV — Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships 9 min read
  6. MARPOL Annex V — Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships 9 min read
  7. MARPOL Annex VI — Air Pollution: SOx, NOx & Exhaust Gas Cleaning 11 min read
  8. MARPOL Annex VI — Emission Reduction, EEDI, EEXI & CII 11 min read

SOLAS

  1. SOLAS Chapter IX — ISM Code & Safety Management Systems 15 min read
  2. SOLAS Chapter XI — ISPS Code & Maritime Security 15 min read
  3. SOLAS Chapter III — Life-Saving Appliances & Arrangements 11 min read
  4. SOLAS Chapter V — Safety of Navigation (AIS, LRIT & VDR) 10 min read
  5. SOLAS Chapter II-2 — Fire Protection, Detection & Extinction 11 min read
  6. SOLAS Chapter VII — Carriage of Dangerous Goods & IMDG Code 15 min read
  7. SOLAS Chapter XII — Additional Safety Measures for Bulk Carriers 15 min read
  8. SOLAS Chapter II-1 — Construction: Subdivision, Stability, Machinery & Electrical 10 min read
  9. SOLAS Chapter VI — Carriage of Cargoes & Oil Fuels 15 min read
  10. SOLAS Chapter IV — Radio Communications (GMDSS) 10 min read
  11. SOLAS Chapter VIII — Nuclear Ships & Reactor Safety 15 min read
  12. SOLAS Chapter X — Safety Measures for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code) 15 min read
  13. SOLAS Chapters XIII & XIV — Verification of Compliance & Polar Code 8 min read

General

  1. Major Certificates & Documents to Carry On Board 9 min read
  2. The Saturday Routine: Planned Maintenance Checks 7 min read
  3. Dry-Docking: Preparation, Procedure & Survey 8 min read
  4. Bunkering & Oil Transfer: Precautions & Procedures 7 min read
  5. Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard 9 min read
  6. Why Oil Tankers Have Less Freeboard 6 min read
  7. Safety on Oxygen & Acetylene Bottles 6 min read
  8. Tonnage Measurement: Gross & Net Tonnage 8 min read
  9. Load Line: Marks, Letters & Conventions 8 min read
  10. Loadicator / Loading Computer 6 min read
  11. Difference Between Audit and Survey 5 min read
  12. Emergency Generator: Testing & Requirements 9 min read
  13. Starting Air Compressors, Receivers & Air Bottle Safety 7 min read
  14. MGPS — Marine Growth Prevention / Anti-Fouling System 7 min read
  15. Quick Closing Valve: Construction & Working 6 min read
  16. How to Measure the Depth of the Ship (Echo Sounder) 6 min read
  17. New Amendments (1 January 2013): SOLAS & MARPOL 8 min read
  18. Ship Accommodation, Midship Section & Container Stowage 7 min read
  19. Rudder: Construction, Types & Support 8 min read
  20. Fuel Consumption & Speed Relationship 7 min read
  21. Maritime Codes & Conventions: The Complete List 7 min read
  22. STCW: The Convention & Its Eight Chapters 5 min read

Life Saving Appliances

  1. LSA Chapter 1: Categories of LSA & Personal Life-Saving Appliances 8 min read
  2. LSA Chapter 2: Pyrotechnics, VHF, SART, EPIRB & GMDSS 9 min read
  3. LSA Chapter 3: Line Throwing, EEBD & SCABA 13 min read
  4. LSA Chapter 4: Life Rafts — Capacity, Equipment & Launching 13 min read
  5. LSA Chapter 5: Lifeboats — Types, Engine, Davit & Drills 13 min read

Fire Safety

  1. Classes of Fire & Portable Fire Extinguishers on Ships 12 min read
  2. Ship Fire Detectors: Heat, Smoke & Flame Types 10 min read
  3. CO2 Fixed Fire-Fighting System on Ships 12 min read
  4. Ship Sprinkler & Hypermist (Water Mist) Systems 12 min read
  5. Ship Fire Main & Emergency Fire Pump System 12 min read
  6. Deck Foam & Inert Gas (IG) Systems on Tankers 12 min read
  7. Fire Control Plan, Muster List & Flooding Response 10 min read

Auxiliary Machinery & Shipboard Systems

MEO Class 4 MEP — shaft seals, heat exchangers, air compressors, pumps, steering gear, refrigeration, purifiers, pipelines, valves, FWG, engine maintenance and watchkeeping.

Shaft Seals & Packing

  1. Shaft Seals & Packing — Wiper Rings, Mechanical & Labyrinth Seals 8 min read

Heat Exchangers

  1. Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers — Cleaning, Retubing & Leak Detection 10 min read
  2. Plate Heat Exchangers — Cleaning, Tightening & Gaskets 9 min read

Air Compressors & Receivers

  1. Reciprocating Air Compressors — Operation & Overhaul 11 min read
  2. Compressor Safety Devices, Unloader & Air Receivers 10 min read

Pumps

  1. Centrifugal Pump Overhaul — Isolation, Strip, Measure, Rebuild 9 min read
  2. Reciprocating Pumps — Strokes, Air Vessels & Fault-Finding 10 min read
  3. Gear & Screw Pumps — Rotary Overhaul, Backlash & Alignment 9 min read

Steering Gear

  1. Steering Gear — Ram vs Vane, 12-Hour Test, Filters, Oil Charging & Air Purging 10 min read

Refrigeration & AC

  1. Reefer Oil Control, Separators, TEV & Safety Cutouts 10 min read
  2. Reefer Servicing — Pump-Down, Charging, Leaks, Valves, Defrost & Faults 11 min read

Purifiers & Centrifuges

  1. Purifier Operation — Separation, Start-Up & Oil Limits 12 min read
  2. Purifier Bowl & Drive Maintenance — Heights, Conversion & 8000-Hour Service 12 min read
  3. Centrifugal Purifier Troubleshooting — Faults, Causes & Fixes 14 min read

Pipelines & Valves

  1. Ship Pipelines — Seawater, Bilge, Ballast & Fuel Systems 10 min read
  2. Globe & Gate Valves — Overhaul, Seats & Testing 11 min read
  3. Butterfly Valves & Sea Chest Filters 8 min read

OWS & STP

  1. Oily Water Separator (OWS) — Working Principle, 15 ppm OCM & Siphon Breaker 8 min read
  2. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) — Working, Bacteria, BOD & Troubleshooting 7 min read

Workshop & Practicals

  1. Marine Workshop Practicals — Vernier, NDT, Heat Treatment, Threads & Changeovers 12 min read

FWG & Hydrophore

  1. Fresh Water Generator — Vacuum Boiling, Operation & Faults 12 min read
  2. Hydrophore & Water Supply — Pressure on Demand 10 min read

Main Engine Maintenance

  1. Scavenge Space & Crankcase Inspection — Reading the Engine from Inside 8 min read
  2. Crankshaft Deflection, Vibration & Failure Prevention 10 min read
  3. Piston, Liner & Rings — Wear, Clearances & Overhaul 12 min read
  4. Engine Fires & Explosions — Scavenge, Crankcase & Air Line 12 min read

Aux Engine & Boilers

  1. Aux Engine Valves, Valve Timing, Firing Order & Tappet Clearance 11 min read
  2. Aux Boilers, Liner Calibration, Rods & Fuel Pump Timing 11 min read

Watchkeeping

  1. Engine Watchkeeping — Handover, Rounds & Work Safety 10 min read

Viva Voce

  1. Marine Machinery Oral Exam Questions: Coolers, Compressors, Pumps & Steering 9 min read
  2. Marine Engines & Lube Oil Oral Questions — No-Start, Scavenge, Rings 10 min read

Marine Propulsion & Diesel Engines

MEO Class 4 Motor — theoretical cycles, two-stroke and four-stroke construction, fuel injection, turbocharging, indicator diagrams, engine operation and troubleshooting.

Engine Basics & Cycles

  1. Theoretical Cycles — Otto, Diesel & Dual Combustion 6 min read
  2. Diesel Engine Basics — Terms, Strokes & Timing 7 min read
  3. Diesel Engine Types — 2-Stroke Crosshead vs 4-Stroke Trunk 8 min read
  4. Engine Nomenclature — Decode MAN, Sulzer, Daihatsu & Spec Sheets 7 min read

Two-Stroke Construction

  1. Two-Stroke Structure — Frame, Tie Rods, Liner, Piston & Crosshead 11 min read
  2. Marine Crankshafts — Builds, Bedplate, Chocks & Alignment 10 min read
  3. Engine Bearings — Renewal, Crosshead to Thrust Block 11 min read
  4. Chain Drive & Camshaft — Timing Transmission 6 min read
  5. Stuffing Box — Sealing Rings, Clearances & Running-In 9 min read

Four-Stroke Engines

  1. Four-Stroke Aux Engines — Layout to Lubrication 9 min read

Gas Turbines

  1. Gas Turbines — Continuous Combustion at Sea 8 min read

Steam Boilers

  1. Steam Boilers — Heat, Circulation, Types & EGB Fire 11 min read
  2. Boiler Water, Combustion, Draft & Economiser Leaks 11 min read
  3. Boiler Water Chemistry — 7 Tests, Treatment & Pressure Proof 11 min read

Performance & Indication

  1. Indicator Diagrams & Engine Performance 9 min read

Engine Operation

  1. Two-Stroke Start Preparation — the Two-Hour Notice 8 min read
  2. Starting & Reversing the Two-Stroke 9 min read
  3. Manoeuvring, Port Ops & Engine Vigilance 10 min read
  4. Four-Stroke Operation — Alternator Duty 8 min read

Lubrication & Fuel Systems

  1. Lube Oil & Fuel Systems — Properties, Treatment & Changeover 10 min read

Safety & Troubles

  1. Safe Operation — Vigilance & Human Error 7 min read
  2. Engine Protections, Vibration Watch & Performance Curves 10 min read
  3. Starting & Running Troubles — No-Start to Knock 9 min read
  4. Explosion Physics — Mist, Doors & Detectors 9 min read

Governor & Scavenging

  1. Governors — Flyweights, Hydraulics & Dead Band 9 min read
  2. Scavenging, Turbocharging & Surge 9 min read
  3. Engine Controls & Measurement — Bridge to Shaft 7 min read

Motor Oral Questions

  1. Marine Propulsion Oral Exam Questions — Engine, Fuel Systems & Troubles 15 min read
  2. Marine Auxiliaries Oral Exam Questions — Pumps, Air, Purifiers, Boilers & Steering 15 min read

Marine Electrical Systems

Function 5 quick-reference — switchboards and protection, motors and starters, transformers and electronics, alternators and parallel running, batteries, instruments and safety systems.

Fundamentals & Laws

  1. Electrical Fundamentals — Current, Power & Laws 7 min read
  2. Phase, RMS Value & Power Factor Explained 10 min read

Switchboards & Protection

  1. Switchboards & Protection — MSB to Emergency Bus 9 min read
  2. Protection Chain — Contactors, Breakers, Overload vs Short Circuit 9 min read

Motors & Starters

  1. Induction Motors — Principle, Faults & Testing 12 min read
  2. Motor Starters — Taming 8–10× Current 10 min read
  3. Crane, Windlass & Deck Machinery — Brakes, Checks, Tests & Safeties 12 min read

Transformers & Electronics

  1. Transformers, Diodes & Thyristors 8 min read

Alternators & Parallel Running

  1. Brushless Alternator Working, Paralleling & AVR Explained 12 min read
  2. Diesel Generator Starting Procedure & Alternator On-Load | Marine Guide 13 min read

Batteries & Supplies

  1. Marine Batteries: Lead-Acid vs NiCd, Charging & 440/220 V Distribution 11 min read

Instruments & Safety Systems

  1. Instruments & Safety Systems 14 min read

Electrical Oral Questions

  1. Marine Electrical Oral Exam Questions with Answers — Function 5 12 min read

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